Advances During Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 849 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/27 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? There were some important advances in medicine and medical technology during the Civil War. As often the case, most medical advances in medicine come about exactly because of war. War can bring out the very worst in mankind, and the very worst of diseases and the most unique of injuries. Although there were important tangible medical advances, an open mind toward change was the most critical to life saving techniques during the war. The real lasting impact was the change in the mindset of both the doctors and the people who they were treating. (Koyle by Thompson, Six Ways the Civil War Changed American Medicine) Keeping an open mind is one of the reasons why medicine and medicine technology has advanced so quickly from the days of the Civil War an into modern times. Today, physicians most are willing to search for better ways to fight disease, rather than to just stick with one solution. Too, because of the internet, patients also have a similar option. After all, in medicine, there is no one size fits all. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advances During Civil War" essay for you Create order Keeping an open mind was not so much the norm in the beginning of the war. Most physicians still held to the belief that it was best to treat patients diseases via the Humoral theory, which mainly consisted of treating disease through diet and exercise, or in worse cases, through bloodletting. However, the U.S. Surgeon General, William Hammond, was influential in changing with way military physicians treated patients. Two of the most important things he did was he instituted training in public health, hygiene and surgery for all Union Army medical officers. His call for specimens also provided a textbook of case studies to train doctors after the war (Thompson, Six Ways the Civil War Changed American Medicine) Because war often brings about such unique damage and disease to a body; by saving case notes, body parts and bodily fluids for future study, Hammond ensured later practitioners understanding of disease and grievous and at times. In the beginning of the war, the military hired civilian drivers to carry the wounded off the battlefield. These drivers were unaccustomed to war and not medically trained. They were often shell-shocked and confused, sometimes running away when attempting to pick up wounded soldiers on the battlefield. The wounded could be left where they fell for days before being removed to a hospital, and most died. Dr. Johnathan Letterman, a surgeon, recognized this and started the first Ambulance Corps. Men were trained to bring the wounded to the field dressing stations on stretchers and by wagon as quickly as possible. Time was essential in saving a wounded soldiers life, and surgeons had to act quickly. The Ambulance Corps would quickly remove the wounded to a Field Dressing Station, very near the battlefield, for assessment and application of dressings to the wounds. Next, they were moved to a makeshift Field Hospital, usually a home or barn also near the battlefield to perform emergency surgery (usually amputations). They would be taken to a Large Hospital later, which would be located much further away from the battlefield for long-term needs. Lettermans efficient removal and triaging of the wounded saved lives as documented in the battle of Antietam, where there were over 20,000 casualties, but all the wounded were removed from the field within 24 hours or less. This practice is still i n use today in military warfare as well within the general population. An interesting example of this modern triaging actually happened to me after my horse-riding accident at my farm. After the 911 call, an ambulance came. The medics quickly assessed by wounds and requested a helicopter. The helicopter was en route to UAMS at Little Rock, but diverted to Hot Springs, to stabilize and give me blood and then I was flown to UAMS for surgery and days later to an inpatient rehab facility. One can only imagine what terrible suffering soldiers must have gone through before Lettermans lifesaving innovations. Before the Civil War broke out, physicians might attend a medical school for two years. If they attended at all. Some would apprentice with another physician and some might not have had any official medical training at all. If they did happen to attend medical school, they would attend a years worth of courses and then repeat the same courses the very next year. Unfortunately, working on cadavers for study in most of America was considered unethical, and therefore most new graduates had very little understanding of the human body. That changed during the course of the Civil War. With thousands of dead and dying men, physicians were granted a great deal of hands-on experience. They learned what medicines worked best for treating some ailments or what worked best for pain. They learned how much anesthesia was needed to put a patient under. They learned how to amputate limbs and how far they needed to cut and to do so quickly. But most importantly, they gained experience and knowledge t hey needed to become good at what they did, allowing them to teach another generation of physicians all they had learned.

The Effect of Racism in Health Care on Minorities

If Sentences for ESL Learners

English learners should learn if sentences, also known as conditional forms, in order to discuss various possibilities that are either realistic or imaginary. Follow the introduction below, you will find a grammar overview and explanation for each tense. Once you are familiar with these forms, use the referenced materials to practice and further your understanding of these forms. Teachers can print out the comprehension materials related to the materials, as well as the suggested lesson plans with point-by-point instructions on how to teach the conditional  forms in class. If Sentences If sentences are used to discuss things that happen based on the condition that something else happens. There are three main types of if sentences. Use an if sentence in the first conditional to consider real, possible events in the present or future: If it rains, Ill take an umbrella. Use an if sentences in the second conditional to speculate about unreal, improbable events in the present moment or future: If I had a million dollars, Id buy a big house. An if sentence in the third conditional concerns imaginary (unreal) outcomes of past events: If he had spent more time studying, he would have passed the exam. If Sentence Forms Overview If Sentence # 1 = First Conditional If S present simple objects, S will verb objects- If the boys finish their homework early, they will play baseball. If Sentence # 2 = Second Conditional If S past simple objects, S would verb objects- If he bought a new car, he would buy a Ford. If Sentence # 3 = Third Conditional If S past perfect objects, S would have past participle objects- If she had seen him, she would have discussed the issues with him. Study If Sentences In-Depth Here is a detailed guide to all conditional forms with examples, important exceptions to the rules and a structured guide. The alternate guide provides options for advanced level learners. Finally, this guide to choosing between the first or second conditional provides further help in deciding whether to use the real or unreal conditional. Teach About If Sentences This first and second conditional forms lesson employs reading comprehension about emergencies to help students discover and review the forms. Once students are comfortable with the form, they discuss other difficult or unusual situations using the first and second conditional This conditionals tic-tac-toe is a great game to help students review all three if sentence forms.

Assignment Questions On Organizational Behavior - 1167 Words

Week 1 Discussion Post (Michael Baker) This week has been eye opening; I had no idea how involved the topic of â€Å"Organizational Behavior† affected so many aspects of the everyday life within an organization. There are no doubts after reading these first two topics that I’m already going to be able to improve how I handle my subordinates and interact with people at the college where I work. With all the different topics discussed in the text (Uhl-Bien, Piccolo Schermerhorn, 2016) it all comes down to â€Å"people† within organizations and how to interact appropriately with each other in order to accomplish the goals. Chapter 1: Chapter one was an excellent overview of â€Å"Organizational Behavior . Below is an excerpt from John Newstrom †¦show more content†¦A person’s upbringing is an important determinant of their beliefs and behaviors, and a person’s culture is a big part of their upbringing.† (Olsen, 2015) What are individual and cultural values? Every organization has a set of â€Å"values† and to do well within an organization one should at least the â€Å"values† within said organization. The text explains that values are essentially a person s preference for a course of action in a given situation. There are two types of values discussed in detail in Chapter 2 which are â€Å"terminal values†, achievement to the end goal, and â€Å"instrumental values†, means to an end. Within organizations â€Å"Maglino† developed categories of workplace values. Value congruence is when an individual has a positive reaction with other individuals with similar values because they can relate to each other a little easier. As mentioned above â€Å"Cultural Values† is how a person was raised and how to act and think among groups and society as a whole. Organization effectiveness means maintaining company culture that serves its community and its customers with dignity and respect to the profession. Organizational effectiveness starts with management first, then trickles down to its subordinates staff. Organizational behavior should lean toward effective leadership. (Wallace, 2014) Values have a lot to do with a geographic region one is raised in or spent a significant amount of time. According to Hofstede’sShow MoreRelatedMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper       Write  a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include  at least two scholarly citations from the library.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior PaperRead MoreMgt 312 Entire Course Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. †¢ Explain the main components of organizational behavior. MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper †¢ Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. †¢ How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include at least two scholarly citations from the library. MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational BehaviorRead MoreMgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class1190 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-complete-class/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) MGT 312 Week 1 Knowledge Check Study Guide MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purposeRead MoreMgt312 Mgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments772 Words   |  4 PagesMGT312 MGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mgt-312-new/mgt312-mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-all-assignments/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com MGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Personality Impact Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Learning Team Four Functions of Management Paper MGT 312 WEEK 3 Sodexo and Principle Financial GroupRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Ethics934 Words   |  4 PagesWeek Three Managerial Ethics †¢ Identify typical ethical problems of managers. †¢ Recognize differences in ethical behavior and responsibility between an employee and a manager. Course Assignments 4. Readings †¢ Read Ch. 6 7 of Managing Business Ethics. †¢ Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. 5. Learning Team Instructions †¢ Begin preparing for the Ethics in the Workplace Case Study Action Plan Presentation due in Week Five by reading one of the following case studiesRead MoreOrganizational Change: A Reflection1371 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Change Statistical analysis Data for this assessment originated from the responses of the sample population. The respondents answered a series of questions that aimed at capturing their qualitative values. Other data sources include secondary sources like the police register and notice boards. Change management professionals have emphasized the need to establish organizational readiness for change. The experts recommend numerous strategies for their design. The recommendation appearsRead MoreEssay on ETH 125 Week 8 Appendix I Modified653 Words   |  3 Pages Part I Define the following terms and provide at least one example: Part II Create a fictional organization which will address a specific disability. Create a brochure using Microsoft Word. General Questions - General Academic Questions Assignment 3: Performance Management You are the HR manager for an upscale retail store which sells clothing, shoes, handbags, and other accessories. Due to the economic downturn, the company has experienced a significant reductionRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreThe Implementation Of Organizational Strategies1001 Words   |  5 PagesMy action research question is, how will the implementation of organizational strategies impact student independence in a high school special education classroom? I was hoping that through the use of organizational strategies, that the students in a special education setting would gain independence, such as starting and finishing assignments independently, turning assignments in on time, and aware of upcoming assessments in order to better prepare them for life after high school. At the start of

Annotated Bib Gender Roles Free Essays

Gender Roles in the Workplace: Annotated Bibliography Karissa Roveda Oakland University Rochester, MI Adler, M. A. (1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bib Gender Roles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Male-Female power differences at work: A comparison of supervisor and policymakers. Sociological Inquiry, 64(1), 37-55. This article spoke of the positions of power between men and women, and how policymakers and supervisors distribute that power to men and women. In the work place, when considering for advancement, employers have undefined criteria such as personality characteristics and potential managerial qualities. These standards become the cause of inequality in authority and power at work place. Jobs that are available for women have low wages and also less authority. Similar research studies have shown similar points, in that inequality is found at the workplace because of such gender based characteristics. Even though women were shown to be more educated, they do not follow the same status. The researcher in this study used methodology to find these inequalities at the work place. The study consisted of four data points to test and used 531 women and 619 men for this data. The author collected data for power in wage labor, employment, sample characteristics and occupation by education. The results showed that men achieve higher positions and also showed they have a higher chance at a supervisory level and more authority than women. In the workplace, gender is a major part of determining positions of power. Also, it shows that education is more important to get supervisor positions, which is less effective for women. This study demonstrates the inequality between men and women that makes men more prone to positions of power than women. The data and research clearly showed that women have greatly less access to positions of power and authority at work place than men, and that gender is the key factor in determining those positions. Policymakers and supervisors may indeed make regulations promoting equality but gender bias is still obviously exhibited. Carbonell, J. L. , Castro, Y. (2008). The impact of a leader model on high dominant women’s self-selection for leadership. Sex Roles ,58,776-783. This study had women observe a leader model of either gender model a task they would have to complete. The study looked at effects of ender role model in the decision of high dominant women to be leaders, given a masculine task to complete with a male co-worker. The hypothesis states that women would become leaders at a higher rate when a woman model is given rather than a male. The research took a total of 190 students: 95 women and 95 men. Each individual was given the California Psychological Inventory, measuring: impression, communication, and dominance. This study looked at dominance in particular. Only 15 pairs were exposed to women models. The study observed 2 groups to support or reject their hypothesis. Focused groups were made of high dominant woman paired with a low dominant man with a female model, and high dominant woman paired with a low dominant man with a male model. A chi square analysis showed a correlation between leader model and leader development, â€Å"The results are that 60% of women took the leader role when given a woman model compared to 20% in male model† (Castro, 2008). The study concluded in the presence of a female model, high dominant individual would be the leader. The gender of the leader model did not affect leadership for males. I believe this study shows importance of woman leader models in professional fields. The lack of exposure of woman leaders for women reduces the chances that they will take on leadership roles. Katz, D. (1987). Sex discrimination in hiring: The influence of organizational climate and need for approval on decision making behavior. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11(1), 11-20. Previous studies have caused the idea that equally skilled men and women are assessed unequally when applying for jobs. The present study observes the influence from different organizational workplaces or â€Å"the quality of an organization’s internal environment† (Katz, 1987), and society’s need for approval on the notion of biased employees decisions. The study sought out three main hypotheses, if an unfair organizational environment would influence people to hire a male applicant over an identical female applicant. Second, that in a workplace a male applicant would be ranked as a better fit and more likely to stay with the company longer than a female applicant. And third, that those subjects with a high need of approval would match more to the demands of job on the hire and salary assessments than lower approval motivation applicants. The study included 161 male undergrads enrolled in a business class. They were given a booklet which contained experimental materials necessary in controlling organizational workplace. They were also given either a female or male completed application and asked for their judgments on an applicant’s suitability for the position. Results from the experiment showed that as initially expected, males were favored over females in the unfair environment. The results also showed that males were chosen as fitting significantly better than females, and that men were also offered higher salaries in the same conditions. In my opinion, the implications of this study can establish that the workplace can deeply influence the decisions of hiring workers and lead to gender bias. McTavish, D. , Miller, K. (2009). Gender balance in leadership? Reform and modernization in the UK further education sector. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 37(3), 350-365. The research question that this article attempted to answer was â€Å"Why are few women advancing into leadership positions despite a large number of women being employed into the further education sector? † (McTavish Miller, 2009). The further education sector employs a high proportion of women yet relatively few women progress into leadership positions. The article seeks to provide explanations for this gender imbalance and argues that despite change and modernization initiatives, the further education sector remains gendered in many aspects of leadership, governance and executive practices. The only major difference between male and female academics was that female academics were twice as given to apply for promotion if supported by their line manager, and male academics were twice as likely to apply if there was an opportunity to influence college power. Also female academics were twice as likely to apply if they were obtained feedback through their staff review. There are many conclusions that were drawn from this study. Reform and structural change have definitely led to a larger number of possibilities for women. Changes in organizational policy have led to a friendlier environment for females. Women have to adjust to masculine managerial styles, such as competitiveness. In addition, even though it appears that the reforms are creating gender balance, in reality; women are still going to their stereotypical roles such as teaching and lecturing. Meyerson, Debra E. , and Joyce K. Fletcher. â€Å"A Modest Manifesto for Shattering the Glass Ceiling. † Harvard Business Review (2000): 127-36. â€Å"Gender discrimination is now so deeply embedded in organizational life as to be virtually indiscernible. Even the women who feel its impact are often hard-pressed to know what hit them† (Meyerson Fletcher, 127). The authors believe that the glass ceiling will be shattered â€Å"only through a strategy that uses small wins-incremental changes aimed at biases so entrenched in the system that they’re not even noticed until they’re gone† (Meyerson Fletcher,128). The small wins approach to change was developed by Karl Weick. The authors emphasize that real and lasting change can be made by small changes, and that these small changes are not threatening to any stakeholders. For example, one firm discovered it could recruit women more effectively simply by increasing the length of the interview time from 30 minutes to 45 minutes, which gave female candidates just a little bit more time to â€Å"bond† with their middle-aged male interviewers. Another firm reversed its high turnover rate for female middle managers by bringing more discipline to meetings, ensuring that meetings started and ended on time. This would be a change that freed all employees from the need to be available 15 hours per day. I personally think both strategies are very effective because at least these firms are putting in the effort to make a difference through the gender roles fairness in the workplace. Roos, P. A. (1981). Sex stratification in the workplace: Male-Female differences in economic returns to occupation. Social Science Research, 10(3), 195-224. The study causes the idea that there is a large earning gap between men and women. Gender differences in earning are important because it focuses on the gender-based inequalities of power at the workplace. The author of the study used a literature review to explain the gender gap in earning, and it showed that sex segregated characteristics still remain at the occupational level. It shows that women work at low paying jobs and they are less likely to use authority in those jobs. The main reason why there are gender differences in earnings is the belief of human capital theory, and it has a huge concern with the supply side of the market. The researcher used a non-institutionalized English speaking population to explain the data for gender influenced gap in earning. The sample included 959 men and 670 women. The results showed that women are paid low wages, and are in positions of low responsibility. Even when a women reaches a higher level job, their earning is much lower than that of men. The results also show that women’s low income is mainly because of their job characteristics, in that men and women are distributed differently across jobs. Men earn more than women, mainly because women are not considered employers. The study demonstrated that the characteristics of the workers create inequality at the workplace; this is also a reason for why there is a large gap in earning between genders. Human capital theory discourages women from working and it presents women as low rent employees. They have less understanding of the mean of production. The characteristics of this research show improvement in the earnings of men and women. Yuping Zhang and Emily Hannum and Meiyan Wang. Gender-Based Employment and Income Differences in Urban China: Considering the Contributions of Marriage and Parenthood. † Social Forces 86. 4 (2008): 156-159. Web. 2 April 2010. This article is based on the income differences and job opportunities of workers in urban China between men and women and why these differences exist. These authors argue that married women and parents receive the biggest disadvantage amongst female workers in China due to their lack of capital regarding education, energy and financially. These particular women are not able to make as many social connections as men do due to their role in the household and so they are at a great disadvantage. In China’s market it is essential to have these kinds of social connections. It is a capitalistic society where everyone is out for his or herself and so people must use other people to get what they want. If these connections are not present then these urban female workers will not be able to make nearly as much progress and therefore will be much less successful. It is these expectations that cheapen the women and set them at a great disadvantage if they ever plan on having a family and household to upkeep. This lack of opportunity in the article is summarized as a disadvantage of ‘time use’ due to being a wife and having children in comparison to those who do not. However, if a woman were to decide that she didn’t want a family and wanted to primarily focus on her work this would be frowned upon in society, due to how valued the dynamic of family is in China. How to cite Annotated Bib Gender Roles, Papers

Overview Of Green Accounting Accounting Essay Example For Students

Overview Of Green Accounting Accounting Essay This semester, I was assigned a term undertaking and I have selected the 2nd inquiry to be answered which is Should direction comptrollers be involved in the chase of green accounting . It is of my involvement since presents, organisations specifically fabricating industries have initiative to care and take into consideration on the environmental conditions. Nevertheless, some of them included that consideration as their corporate societal duty. Human being is the 1 who should hold been accountable to take attention of the environment and to handle them every bit best as possible. Therefore, I managed to fix this term undertaking by spliting it into two parts which are foremost, the overview of green accounting and the 2nd portion is more towards replying the inquiry which is concentrating on the functions of direction comptroller in the chase of green accounting. Outline1 1.0 Part 1: An overview of green accounting2 1.1 Introduction3 1.2 What is green accounting?4 1.3 Literature Review5 1.3 Issues lending to the demand for Green Accounting6 2.0 Part 2: Answer to the Question7 2.1 Role of Management Accountant8 Invention of cost accounting cognition to cut down the waste9 Plan, form and implement10 Integration of direction and accounting11 Wastage accounting and coverage12 2.2 What would be the impacts on direction comptroller every bit good as the industries?13 3.0 Decision 1.0 Part 1: An overview of green accounting 1.1 Introduction Most people peculiarly academicians in the field of accounting have talked about the green accounting. It is because, every bit far as the environment is concern we could see that there are many issues to be taken into consideration by the comptrollers such as air, H2O and noise pollutions, green house gases, planetary heating and etc. The major subscriber of these environmental defects is by and large human being. In fact, undeniably we can see and hear from the mass media about the negative effects on the environment as a consequence of organisation and finally organisational misbehavior. Now, I would wish to discourse the interconnectednesss between accounting, accountant and environment. 1.2 What is green accounting? Nowadays we are traveling towards green environment by which we preserve the environment from being the victims of human hoggishness. As a consequence, accounting has come out with the term green accounting which means that comptroller being the medium to remedy and prevent the negative impact on the environment. The issue of environmental debasement has triggered organisation to be more eco-friendly peculiarly in increasing the attending and consciousness to be more environmentally responsible. It is agreed with Jeffers, A.E. ( 2008 ) who defined green accounting as a manner to cut down environmental pollution as companies will be forced to place the costs related to environmental duty. There are some catch phrases that normally being used apart from green accounting which are traveling green , eco-friendly and environmentally friendly . The plant of an comptroller in pull offing the cost related to environment is today known as environment direction accounting ( EMA ) . 1.3 Literature Review Related to this subject, there are several past surveies on the issues in green accounting every bit good as EMA. Recently there has been a treatment made by Lansiluto and Jarvenpaa ( 2010 ) stated by Farouk S. et Al. ( 2012 ) related to green accounting by which the writers have investigated the importance of greening the balanced scorecards ( p.39 ) . It means that the green measuring should be included in the balance scorecard as to guarantee that the organisation is non performed financially but besides environmentally good. It is to be considered or assessed by the organisation before they can ship on certain undertaking that may foul the environment. In fact, this is a good thought to integrate green accounting in the normal balanced scorecard. CHILD ABUSE EssayInvention of cost accounting cognition to cut down the waste Harmonizing to Prof. Maliah s talk on the EMA, we could see that late there is no more footings of recycle and reuse of things every bit far as the Material Flow Cost Accounting ( MFCA ) is concern. MFCA is a tool that was formalised in ISO 14 051 in 2011 and has been successfully implemented in Japan for the stamping activities. It is interesting to cognize the impact on the stamping activity whereby the waste resulted from the stamping activities has been calculated in footings of pecuniary every bit good as the physical unit. Knowing that the wastes can be reduced, the maker was able to redesign the stamping metal bit to repair the form into more accurate size which farther reduces the waste in billion hankerings. That is where direction comptroller can help in waste minimisation. Plan, form and implement Under normal circumstance, the planning, forming and implementing activities were done by all maps in the company which inadvertence by the top direction. Here, every bit far as the green accounting is concern, direction comptroller should come out with thought to continue the environment from being polluted by sing this affair at early phase of be aftering with the hope that it will cut down the cost of fouling the natural resources. For case, usually in wood fabrication they will cut down the trees and it will take to the planetary heating. Not merely that, the wild animate being will lose their home ground and the O produced by the trees will go lesser and lesser. Knowing the impacts of human hoggishness in maximising the wealth, this should trip direction comptroller to come out with possible action in planning every bit good as forming and implementing activities with the consideration of these natural costs. Integration of direction and accounting Management accounting should work together with the direction to come out with the thought of integrating the green accounting in the balanced scorecard as suggested by anterior research workers as quoted by Farouk S. et Al. ( 2012 ) above. Possibly, every bit far as my apprehension to what the writers thought is concern, I perceived the balanced scorecard could be every bit presented in Appendix A. In the normal fortunes, the balanced scorecard is inclusive of four elements which are fiscal, client, internal and learning and growing but anyway the direction should include the extra component which is environmental duty so that they can mensurate their success non merely in footings of fiscal but besides their duty towards the nature. Wastage accounting and coverage Apart from wastage accounting, direction comptroller besides plays a function in the environmental coverage 2.2 What would be the impacts on direction comptroller every bit good as the industries? 3.0 Decision

Architectural Painting Coatings Industry & Jones Blairs Trade Area

Questions: 1. How might one characterize the architectural painting coatings industry and Jones Blair's trade area? 2. How might one segment Jones Blair's market area? 3. Which segment(s) represent opportunities for Jones Blair? 4. What is Jones Blair's competitive position in its market area? Answers: Executive Summary This is a comprehensive case analysis of Jones Blair Company. Jones Blair is a manufacturer of paint coatings located in southwest of US. The headquarters of the company is located in Texas, Dallas and most of the operations of the company take place within the 11 county Dallas-Fort Worth areas and the business is extended to New Mexico, Oklahoma and Louisiana too. The paint industry of US is at the maturing stage and the growth rate has been sluggish in recent past. The sales volume of Jones Blair has reached a plateau as their products are of premium price; however, they have managed to increase their sales on an annual basis. Do it yourself comprises of the 50% if the industry and 25% the industry is dominated by professional painters. Rest of the market is covered by specialised paints materials. There are seven major players who hold about 60% of the market share of the architectural coating segments and 50% of which is sold under controlled and private stores and brand names. To maintain the reputation of their business and work, professional painters seek quality and durable products and dont mind shelling out few extra bucks to maintain the quality. Do it yourself painters and contractors seek paints at lower prices. 1.0. Introduction This is a comprehensive case analysis of Jones Blair Company, a paint manufacturer, which is located in Dallas-Fort Worth area. There are four major questions that need to be answered based on the case study. Before, answering those questions, it is necessary to first understand about the condition of paint industry in US. This report will discuss a brief background of the company to be better equipped with the knowledge about the company and its status in the market. This will be followed by the industry analysis, internal analysis of Jones Blair, the characteristics of its target market and the marketing mix of the company. In light of all the above discussion, the answer to those specific questions of the case study will be provided. 2.0. Background of the Company- Jones Blair Jones Blair is a manufacturer of paint coatings located in southwest of US. The headquarters of the company is located in Texas, Dallas and most of the operations of the company take place within the 11 county Dallas-Fort Worth areas and the business is extended to New Mexico, Oklahoma and Louisiana too (Adams). It is a private company engaged in the production and marketing of architectural paints and original equipment manufacturing coatings and special purpose coatings. The company serves the need of high end customers. Jones Blair seeks to achieve high quality paint coats by continuously investing into its research and development department which can lead to development of innovative products. This is one reason that the products of the company are one of the highly priced products in the marketplace. Jones Blair mainly offers its products to two kinds of customers. They are the professional painters who look for an optimum point of purchase service, durability and easiness of the application of the paints (this kind of customers accounts for 25% of sales for Jones Blair) and the other is the do it yourself customers which consists of 50% of sales of the company. Jones Blair has a good distribution channel and it sells its products through many hardware outlets, lumberyards and approximately 200 independent paint stores. 40% of its stores are located in the 11 county DFW regions while others are scattered in the diverse 39 nations of the service vicinity (Cesaroni, Gambardella and Garcia-Fontes). Retail stores that falls at the exterior of DFW region and who purchase the sundry and paint of more than $50,000 per annum, maintains the stock of Jones Blair products only. In the DFW area, 14 outlets maintains an exclusive line of Jones Blairs products and many retailers stocks the pro ducts of only two three other high priced brands in their stores. The paint industry of US is at the maturing stage and the growth rate has been sluggish in recent past ('US Paint Coatings Market Analysis (2004-2009)'). The sales volume of Jones Blair has reached a plateau as their products are of premium price; however, they have managed to increase their sales on an annual basis. Presently, the company has employed eight sales representatives who monitors the inventory in every outlet, assists in the visual merchandising of the stores, are responsible for receiving and recording the orders received and is actively engaged in the advertising and coordinating all the promotional activities. Jones Blair has maintained its talented representatives by following an appropriate reward scheme ('DOE Project Awards For Giner, US Hybrid, Vision Industries'). They are paid a commission of 1% on sales in addition to their salaries. The company needs to identify the various marketing strategies to market their architectural products and they also need to iden tify its target market for the architectural products. The company has already spent about 3% of its net sales on the advertising and promotion of its products. Around 55% of this amount is depleted on cooperative advertising such as newspaper advertisement, distributing catalogues via retail stores etc. Rest of the funds are allocated to corporate advertising, magazines, in-store displays, website development and maintenance etc. With the help of the case, internal and external analysis will be done to identify which markets Jones Blair can target for its architectural products and also how they can reach out to its target market. 3.0. Industry Analysis Conducting an analysis of the industry helps an organisation to get accurate information on economic condition of the market and what is the level of competition and availability of required resources to conduct the business. The four Ps of marketing for Jones Blair has already been discussed in the background of the company. Porters Five Force Model will be used to analyse the industry for Jones Blair. 3.1. Porters Five Force Model Rivalry among Competitors: due to economies of scale there is intense competition among rival firms in the paint industry of US. Since there are many players available in this industry, the switching costs become low for consumers as many companies are offering similar products at good price differentials. The US paint industry is characterised by oligopoly as there are seven major brands which controls most of the sales within the industry ('Global Paint Coatings Industry Market Analysis'). As mentioned earlier the paint industry is in the maturing stage of PLC which has lead to the entry of many small players in the industry. The main competitor of Jones Blair in the US market is Benjamin Moore, Behr, Valspar, Sherwin-Williams. Threat of new entrants: the threat of new entrant in the paint industry in US ranges from low to medium. Entry barriers are low for small scale companies but substantial market entry barriers do exists for the larger companies. However, the saturated market has become unattractive for new entrants. Barriers like EPA regulations act as an entry barrier. Threat of substitute products: There is no real substitute for paints; therefore the threat of substitute products is low. Other products which might have the potential to replace paints are very expensive thus the paint market is not very much threatened by the substitute products (Khezri, Shariat and Tabibian). There are various varieties of paints available in the market and other potential substitutes are aluminium sliding, vinyl window and composite decking. Bargaining power of the consumers: the consumers bargaining power is high in the paint industry in US. This is because a number of players are available targeting at the same consumer base, with similar products and at lower costs. This makes the switching cost for the buyer low which allows them to influence the market. The consumers can also negotiate for price when they need large amount of paints. Bargaining power of the suppliers: Suppliers of the paint industry in US has medium power. Since the revenue of a paint retail store is solely dependent on the supply of the paints, it increases the power of the supplier. However, the big stores such as Home Depot cater to various industries such as appliances, decorating and landscape thereby reducing the power of suppliers. The paints products are being standardised highly, which reduces the dependency of specific suppliers thereby reducing the bargaining power of suppliers in this industry. 3.2. Industry Trends Paint industry in US is in the mature stage therefore, the sales are high but the prospects of further growth is stagnating. Do it yourself comprises of the 50% if the industry and 25% the industry is dominated by professional painters. Rest of the market is covered by specialised paints materials. There are seven major players who hold about 60% of the market share of the architectural coating segments and 50% of which is sold under controlled and private stores and brand names ('Kusumgar, Nerlfi Growney Announce Fifth US Paint Amp; Coatings Industry Study'). To maintain the reputation of their business and work, professional painters seek quality and durable products and dont mind shelling out few extra bucks to maintain the quality. Do it yourself painters and contractors seek paints at lower prices. 36% of the stores are specialty outlets. In DFW region, Jones Blair holds 50% market share for do it yourself painters and is a mass producer who adequately supply its products throu gh 200 stores in the DFW area. Since large market look out for cheaper products, they dont fall in the target market category for Jones Blair. In the urban areas the percentage of professional painter is high .i.e. near about 70%. 4.0. Internal Analysis (SWOT) SWOT analysis will help the firm to assess its internal potential and resources which can help Jones Blair to identify the most suitable strategies that can be adopted by them. Strengths of Jones Blair: They have high quality products as compared to most of the products available in the market Highly talented workforce and sales representative who have build strong relationship with customers and can provide accurate details about the product. They have adopted excellent marketing strategies which include personal selling; their experience (established since 1928) has given them an upper hand. Strong Research and development department Enjoys a contribution of 35% and specialised in do it yourself paint applications Huge market base of professional painters who seek durable and premium products Huge local market share Weaknesses: Very few number of sales representatives Small geographical reach No advertising on television media and low promotional budget Higher price of products than competitors and major chunk of consumers base their decision on price rather than on quality Mainly offers architectural paints They have high costs of goods sold Opportunities: Huge market untapped in the DFW area The paint industry in US makes an annual turnover of $16 million The number of paint companies are reducing every year due to high saturation of the industry in US There are few companies who offers high quality andspecialised products Rural do it yourself market holds huge potential Can expand operations outside DFW area. The industry is growing at a very slow rate of 1-2% each year Threats: Intense competition with major competitors having many stores in the DFW region High bargaining power of consumer and priority to price while making a purchase decision There are other option which does act as a substitute to paints High quality and durable paints reduces the repainting thereby taking away the customers for long Most of the competitors compete on price. The regulations and EPA has increased in the US paint industry 4.1. Strategy used by Jones Blair Jones Blair is using a differentiated strategy as they are serving two totally different kinds of customers. Professional painters mostly buy the products in large quantities and willing to pay premium charges for quality products whereas, the do it yourself buyers are more concerned about the price of the product and purchases in small quantities. There are line and brand extension opportunities to grow in the paint industry ('NPCA's New US Paint Coatings Industry Market Analysis (2006-2011): Bigger Report, New Insight, Same Dependability'). Jones Blair might opt for entering into kinds paints, spray, art and crafts paints and can introduce new textures to increase the market share. In the US paint industry, the company holds 12.5% of market share in the DFW area and about 18.8% of market share in the non DFW region. In the service area, the company holds a market share of 15%. In the professional painter non DFW market, the company will use the defensive strategy as they are the v alued and premium customers of Jones Blair and will follow the offensive strategy for the DWF markets as competition target the do it yourself customers in these area. 5.0. Specific answers to the questions in the case After discussing the industry and internal analysis and identifying the strategies used by the company and the industry trend, it will now be appropriate to answer specifically to the direct questions from the case study. 5.1. Characteristics of architectural paint coating industry in US The paint industry in US is maturing and the industry is separated in three sectors namely, architectural paints, special purpose coating and OEM coats. The architectural coating market has reached the mature stage which is characterised by sluggish growth. One of the reasons for such slow growth is the quality and durability of the paint (Odior). Once such high quality product is applied by the user, they dont need to change or re-apply it for a long period of time. Also they require reduced amount of paint. Another reason for slow growth is that there are substitute products available and also professionals have discovered effective ways for the application of paints. The sales of sundries will increase as half of the population fall under the do it yourself category (Ryan). Since the market is saturated the number of companies is decreasing and the market has become unattractive for new entrants. Major competitors of Jones Blair in the architectural paints sector are Benjamin Moor e, PPG industries etc. There are increased EPA regulations in the industry. Jones Blair has adequate distribution channel. 5.2. Segmentation of Jones Blairs market area The market of Jones Blair is separated into two geographic regions namely, urban DFW and rural DFW. Bothe of these markets are further divided into two sub segments namely, do it yourself painters who place emphasis on price while making a purchase decision and professional painters who focus on quality and durability of the product and willing to pay high price for it (Silva and Jones). Jones Blair is a leader in the rural professional painter market as the competitors are weak in this region. 5.3. Segment that have opportunity of Jones Blair Urban profession painters segment holds opportunity for Jones Blair as they order in bulk and they are ready to pay premium charges for quality and durable products as it will influence their professional image in the market (Stevenson et al.). Also the professional painters works for a wide variety of clients ranging from residents to real estate managers thus they bring in repeat orders frequently. Jones Blair is already a leader in the rural professional painter market. 5.4. Competitive position of Jones Blair in the market Jones Blair has a string brand image in the market due to its premium products and long presence has inculcated trust among its consumers. Also they serve the high end customers who are willing to pay extra for quality and durable products ('Study Forecasts Growth For US Paint And Coatings'). They have been investing in the research and development to continuously upgrade their products and using various strategies to appeal to the market. They mainly cater to the do it yourself a consumer who want good service at low prices and also serves the professional painters who seek premium products and dont mind paying extra for it. In total, Jones Blair holds about 12.5% market share in the paint industry in US. Conclusion Thus, all the questions of the case have been answered specifically in light of the industry and internal analysis. The US paint industry has been saturated and Jones Blair has managed to survive in the business and has opportunities to grow by using all its strengths properly. Reference List Adams, Reg. 'Last Year Was The Worst Year For The Us Paint Industry Since 1991'.Focus on Pigments2010.9 (2010): 1-2. Web. Cesaroni, Fabrizio, Alfonso Gambardella, and Walter Garcia-Fontes.RD, Innovation And Competitiveness In The European Chemical Industry. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. Print. 'DOE Project Awards For Giner, US Hybrid, Vision Industries'.Fuel Cells Bulletin2014.6 (2014): 10. Web. 'Global Paint Coatings Industry Market Analysis'.Anti-Corrosion Meth Material58.1 (2011): n. pag. Web. Khezri, S. M., S. M. Shariat, and S. Tabibian. 'Evaluation Of Extracting Titanium Dioxide From Water-Based Paint Sludge In Auto-Manufacturing Industries And Its Application In Paint Production'.Toxicology and Industrial Health29.8 (2012): 697-703. Web. 'Kusumgar, Nerlfi Growney Announce Fifth US Paint Amp; Coatings Industry Study'.Focus on Powder Coatings2015.4 (2015): 7. Web. 'Kusumgar, Nerlfi Growney Announce Fifth US Paint Amp; Coatings Industry Study'.Focus on Powder Coatings2015.4 (2015): 7. Web. 'NPCA's New US Paint Coatings Industry Market Analysis (2006-2011): Bigger Report, New Insight, Same Dependability'.Anti-Corrosion Meth Material55.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. Odior, AO. 'A Case Study Application Of Time Study Model In Paint Manufacturing Company'.Global Journal of Engineering Research7.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. Ryan, Don. 'Calls For Removing All Lead Paint From US Housing Are Misguided'.Am J Public Health103.5 (2013): e5-e5. Web. Silva, Vanessa Ramos da, and Graciela Dias Coelho Jones. 'Proposed Establishment Of Information System In Receivables Management: A Case Study In A Mineira Small Company Of Construction Material'.Revista Capital Cientfico - Eletrnica12.4 (2014): n. pag. Web. Stevenson, Lesley A. et al. 'Paint And Purpose, A Study Of Technique In British Art'.Studies in Conservation45.2 (2000): 138. Web. 'Study Forecasts Growth For US Paint And Coatings'.Anti-Corrosion Meth Material56.1 (2009): n. pag. Web. 'US Paint Coatings Market Analysis (2004-2009)'.Pigment Resin Technology35.3 (2006): n. pag. Web. 'US Paint And Coatings Market Analysis (2004-2009)'.Anti-Corrosion Meth Material54.4 (2007): n. pag. Web.