modern interpretation essays

modern interpretation essays Statutory interpretation is the legal process whereby a judge applies a statute to a case and must give meaning to the words in the statute in order to decide what they mean and how it should be applied to a particular case. When interpreting statutes, the judges role is to put into effect the Parliaments wishes. Conflicts may arise when deciding if the intention of Parliament can be found in the words of the statute itself or whether judges should acquire into the purpose of the Act then interpret the words themselves. In order to interpret these statutes, over the years, various guidelines were developed in order to assist judges in their interpretative function. The basic approaches which first arose are the literal rule, the golden rule and the mischief rule. The first main approach used by judges in interpreting statutes is the literal rule. This approach requires courts to give the exact meaning of words in statutes where there is no uncertainty and the meaning is clear. However, sometimes the literal rule may lead to an absurd result. An example of a case is Fisher v Bell(1961) where a statute stated it was an offence to offer for sale offensive weapons. The verdict was the shopkeeper, who was displaying flick knives, was not offering for sale but making an invitation to treat and he was acquitted. (Vickery The second approach is an extension of the literal rule which is the golden rule. If the exact meaning of words were to lead to an absurd result, the court would apply the least ridiculous meaning in order to avoid an absurd result. An example of a case is R v Allen(1872) whereby the defendant claimed it was no legal to marry another while already married. The Offences Against the Person Act 1861 stated Whosoever being married...shall marry another...commits an offence.... This would mean no one could ever be convicted and it was an absurd result. Therefore they...

5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation

5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, the omission of one comma (two commas, in one case) obscures the intended meaning. Discussion and revision following each example provides clarity. 1. It’s not a real pleasant experience to tell you the truth. This sentence implies that the writer does not enjoy telling the truth to someone. However, the phrase â€Å"to tell the truth† is merely augmenting the main clause, â€Å"It’s not a real pleasant experience,† and so should be set off from that clause: â€Å"It’s not a real pleasant experience, to tell you the truth.† 2. Believe me they have been working on this this for a long time. â€Å"Believe me† is an introductory phrase that should be set off from the main clause of the sentence: â€Å"Believe me, they have been working on this for a long time.† 3. The important thing is they know what to watch for. â€Å"The important thing† is a dependent clause; like â€Å"believe me,† it must be distinguished from the content of the main clause: â€Å"The important thing is, they know what to watch for.† Alternatively, that may be inserted in lieu of the comma: â€Å"The important thing is that they know what to watch for.† 4. To achieve cultural reform, Smith maintained that definitive actions to redesign incentive structures and establish clear accountability would be the most effective mechanisms. The implication is that Smith came up with his opinion in order to achieve cultural reform. However, what the sentence means is that Smith declared that in order to achieve cultural reforms, the strategy embodied in his opinion should be pursued. To communicate this distinction, â€Å"Smith maintained† should be framed by commas to clarify that it is an attribution interjected in the main clause of the sentence: â€Å"To achieve cultural reform, Smith maintained, definitive actions to redesign incentive structures and establish clear accountability would be the most effective mechanisms.† 5. The study determined that voter fraud was almost nonexistent. Another study by the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University Law School found that many reports of people voting twice or ballots being cast on behalf of dead people were largely the result of clerical errors. The second sentence implies that a center at the law school released both studies in question. However, if the context makes clear that the second study was conducted at a different location, the description of that location must be treated parenthetically: â€Å"The study determined that voter fraud was almost nonexistent. Another study, by the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University Law School, found that many reports of people voting twice or ballots being cast on behalf of dead people were largely the result of clerical errors.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults50 Synonyms for "Song"

Apple IPhone 5s Advertisement Campaign Assignment

Apple IPhone 5s Advertisement Campaign - Assignment Example Advertising, that is discussed in this assignment normally serves a key role when in the field of business communication. This is because through proper advertising, a corporations, like Apple are in a position to reach its target customers hence high income in form of sales. In this high school assignment, advertisement campaign that promoted Apple Iphone 5S is researched. During this campaign, the Apple company used three main advertisement platforms: print, online and outdoor. This essay focuses on describing real examples from the Iphone 5s campaign, message of an advert that was created, advertising outlets, audience targeted, such as teenagers and business persons, development of the promotion design, duration of the Apple campaign, and a number of tactics used. Also this assignment explains various advertising forms, that the company may adher to, such as pioneering, competition and reinforcement. It the pioneering stage, the Apple company went to the people to offer information about their latest product besides benefits that come along with owning one. To be at par with its competitors, such as Sumsung, the Apple company marketers emphasized to their target customers the uniqueness of the device compared to other devices. In conclusion, this essay states that big advertisement campaign, that Apple created fr Iphone 5s is very effective. It will stay for a long period in people's minds and continuous advertisement would result to even more customers, which normally translates to sales.

Relations Between the Father and the Daughter Essay

Relations Between the Father and the Daughter - Essay Example Man has no power of foreseeing the future. It could be possible that the surgery Latimer was getting the day she died could have saved her some of the agonies that she was going through. There is a reason why some of the laws exist. Preservation of the human life is the ultimate goal of any government system and should be observed at all times. For instance, a person may decide to commit suicide at some point in life because they feel that nothing is working out for them. However, they only make that decision in the context of the immediate events. They may not feel the same the following day and if they commit suicide, they miss out on life. Justifying euthanasia because a person is facing problems is wrong. Every person has a life clock and God is the only one qualified to turn it off. If euthanasia was allowed to take place, then people would resort to committing suicide every time they felt that life was giving them a bitter lemon. Moreover, although Latimer may have been going t hrough a lot of sufferings, maybe she was grateful that she was alive and had a mission to fulfill in life that the father cut short. Murder can never be justified and it is universally agreed that it is a crime.

Assignments essay Essay Example for Free

Assignments essay Essay |Assessors comments | |Qualification |QCF Level 7 : Extended Diploma in Strategic |Assessor name |Atif Kauser | | |Management Leadership | | | |Unit number and title |4- Developing corporate culture |Learner name | | |Assignment title |Culture, Objectives and improving corporate climate | | | |Assessment Criteria |Achieved? | |AC 1.1: explain how models of organisation culture can be used to achieve organizational objectives | | |AC 1.2: explain the difference between organisational and national culture | | |AC 1.3: analyse the corporate cultural profile in an organisation | | |AC 1.4: discuss the impact of an organisation’s corporate culture in achieving its objectives | | |AC 2. 1: evaluate the existing climate of an organisation | | |AC 2.2: recommend ways to improve corporate climate in an organisation | | |AC 2.3: propose a framework of organisational values that meet the specific strategic and operational needs of an | | |organisation | | |AC 3.1: identify internal and external stakeholders of an organization | | |AC 3.2: evaluate the effectiveness of an organisation’s existing communication strategies | | |AC 3.3: develop new communication strategies for stakeholders of an organisation that address differences in belief, | | |values, customs and  language | | |Assessor Feedback Action Plan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Learner’s Feedback | | | |Assessor signature | |Date | | |Learner signature | |Date | | |Assessment Criteria |To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the student is able to: | |Task no. | |Evidence | |reference | | | | | | |AC 1.1, 1.3, 1.4 |Culture: culture as shared values; culture at ascending levels; sub-cultures; professional | |1 | | | | |cultures | | | | | | |Models: Charles Handy – power, role, person and task cultures; Johnson and Scholes cultural | | | | | | |web; links to organizational objectives | | | | | |AC 1.2 |Organizational culture: industry culture; national and supranational culture; | |1 | | | | |models of culture eg Trompenaars’s implicit-explicit factors,  Schein’s three levels | | | | | | |National cultures: methods of classifying national culture eg the work of Laurent, Hofstede | | | | | | |and Trompenaars | | | | | |AC 2.1, 2.2 |Climate profile: how climate is defined; difference between climate and culture; | |1,2 | | | | |key aspects of organisational climate eg flexibility; responsibility; standards; rewards; | | | | | | |clarity; team commitment; impact of management practices on climate; impact of climate on | | | | | | |efficiency and effectiveness | | | | | |AC 2.3 |Values: values or core values as a part of organisational culture; crisis of ethics | |2 | | | | |in business and the new emphasis on value leadership – framework for developing and supporting| | | | | | |strong corporate core values | | | | | |AC 3.1, 3.3 |Stakeholders: customers, consumers, employees; shareholders; governments; | |1, 2 | | | | |communities, business partnerships and alliances – the increasing need to cooperate with | | | | | | |people from different cultural groupings (including beliefs, values, customs and language) | | | | | |AC 3.2, 3.3 |Communicating effectively: strategies; identifying potential barriers and ensuring strategies | |1, 2 | | | | |overcome them; developing self-awareness of own and organisational culture; benefits of a | | | | | | |diverse workforce; acculturation programmes; intercultural communication skills | | | | | Assignment Cover Sheet |Assignment Title |Culture, Objectives and improving corporate climate | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found.| |Attach work where needed. | |Learner’s Name: |Assessor: Atif Kauser | |Date Issue: |Completion Date: |Submitted On: | |Qualification: QCF Level 7: Extended Diploma in Strategic Management |Unit No Title: Unit 4: Developing Corporate Culture | |Leadership | | |Learner declaration | |I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. | | | |Learner signature: Date: | |Unit title |4- Developing corporate culture | |Qualification |QCF Level 7 – strategic management leadership | |start date |01-04-2013 | |deadline |05-05-2013 | |Assessor |Atif kauser | |Assignment title: |Culture, Objectives and improving corporate climate | |Scenario: Suppose you work for a business magazine called ‘The Biz Talk’. The editor has assigned you with the task of producing the Cover Story for the next| |edition. He wants you  to write a detailed article with the title ‘CULTURE, Objectives and Improving Corporate Climate’. | |For this you will have to choose one organization of your interest, conduct a primary and secondary investigation to gather facts and figures which will | |support you in writing the article. The article should cover and address the given tasks and outcomes. | |Task 1 | | | |Having done with the primary and secondary research, conduct a critical evaluation to study the current practices of your chosen organization as a case | |study, and Elaborate and explain the profile of your chosen organization by addressing the following tasks: | | | |Analyse the corporate cultural profile of your organisation | |Discuss the impact of your organisation’s corporate culture in achieving its objectives | |Explain how models of organisation culture taught to you in the tutorials can be used to achieve organisational objectives for your chosen organization | |Explain the difference between organisational and national culture by critically observing the presence of your organization in a particular country/region | |Evaluate the existing corporate climate of your organisation | |Identify the internal and external stakeholders of your organisation | |evaluate the effectiveness of your organisation’s existing communication strategies | | | |Provides evidence for: outcome 1, AC: 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 | | | |Task 2 | | | |Based on your analysis, propose recommendations and strategies for further improvement in the areas defined below: | | | |Recommend ways to improve the corporate climate in your organisation | |Propose a framework of organisational values that meets the specific strategic and operational needs of your organization | |Develop new communication strategies for stakeholders of your organisation that address differences in belief, values, customs and language | | | |Provides evidence for: AC 2.2, 2.3, 3.3 | |This brief has been verified as being fit for purpose | |Assessor |Atif Kauser | |Signature | |Date | | |Internal verifier |Wajiha Daud | | Signature | |Date | |

Southwestern Ohio Steel Company Essay -- Business Ohio Steel Company E

Southwestern Ohio Steel Company Southwestern Ohio Steel Limited Partnership (SOSLP) was considered to be one of the industry leaders in technology and service. SOSLP sells to approximately 500 customers, twenty five of which produces about two-thirds of the company's sales. Dan Wilson, vice president of sales at SOSLP, had recently received a letter from Matworks requesting SOSLP to provide sponsorship for an upcoming Matworks annual sales meeting. Dan needed to decide if providing sponsorship was feasible keeping in mind that Matworks had been a long standing customer of SOSLP while also knowing that gifts were no longer a custom in the steel industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wilson should not offer to sponsor the annual sales meeting as this would not comply with company and industry situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In earlier days, ?wining and dining? the customer had been a part of the steel industry and adjusted as a cost of doing business. But recently government regulations had restricted this method of doing business and now ?buying? business was just not a part of the industry. Sponsoring the annual sales meeting does not comply with the present business ethics and SOSLP could risk hurting their image and losing respect in the marketplace. Matworks at one time had been one of SOSLP?s best customers and bought almost exclusively from the company. Over the past few years they had run into financial trouble and thus were not buying as much. They had gone from being in the top ten best cus...

Enron collapse A look back Essay

               Enron was formed as a result of merging with another company and it became a successful corporate. The joy of the business owners is to see how it grows fast and to attract more investors. There are rules and regulation that governs the corporate financial report that is open for inspection by potential investors (Folger, 2011). The audit of these financial reports should disclose the accurate financial state of the company and this should be made known to the stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders of a company play an important role in progress of the business and the going concern of the company (Sterling, 2002). The company of Enron did not manage its debts and therefore looked for means of hiding the truth from its stakeholders so as to continue making profit.                The aim of a business is to make profit and be able to pay the debts of the creditors and also attract investors who are interested in the business. Most investor relay on the financial statement to determine whether to invest or not to invest (Folger, 2011). The Enron Company was a big company that was famous and successful before its fall. The corporate attracted many investors since they financial report showed how the business was growing at high rate (Bauer, 2009). However the corporate management did not disclose the true and fair view of the financial reports. The financial report of a company should not mislead the shareholders or its members.                Moreover, in the Enron scandal there were some cases in which it showed misconduct of its financial reporting since the corporate did not display true and fair financial accountings to its stakeholders. The corporate used financial fabrication and mark- market accounting to hide its actual debts and real financial situation (Folger, 2011). These reports made the investor believe that the corporate was making profit while it was making losses in real sense. It is also a form of fraud to stakeholders since it cannot meet all its debts and in case of winding up majority of the investors and shareholder would suffer greatly. The Enron scandal was deemed to be great since it had huge debts to settle and its assets could not settle these debts.                Indeed, financial misconduct affects a large group of stakeholder and leaves a great mark that cannot be erased (Sterling, 2002). For example the shareholders of Enron corporate were highly affected and suffered a loss of billions that were not recovered since the corporate went bankrupt and the assets of the business were also false in existence. The investors also suffered greatly from these financial misconduct, they lost their resources. In addition, the employees suffered greatly by losing billions of pension benefits due to the misconduct of financial reports which led to the bankruptcy of the Enron therefore could no longer pay them (Folger, 2011).                The financial statement of a company is very important to the investors, it gives an over view of the stability of the business and its ability to pay debts. The Enron corporate failed to disclose true and fair view financial statements by hiding its real financial reports and the investors were misled and also due to many investments made by the company lead to its bankruptcy (Sterling, 2002). The purpose of accurate financial reports is to help the investors and also the company to know to what extent they should contract or invest in other businesses. It also helps in managing of the company’s debt thus making profit but the Enron was only interested in making a lot of profits that led to their down fall.                  Ethics are rules that govern every business and its members on how to conduct their daily roles in the company (Brady, & Dunn, 1995). In other words, the managers of this corporate owe their loyalty to its stakeholders and their interest ought to be the interest of the business (Bauer, 2009). In deontology of the Enron corporate, the management had a duty and obligations to display the true statement of finance and also to operate the business in the interest of the stakeholders and not their interest. As the leaders they ought to make sure that the going concern of the business is kept and the assets of the company are secured. In addition, the duty of the Enron managers was to disclose the true and fair view of financial reports (Bauer, 2009).                  On other hand, utilitarian is a form ethic that is used to show the positive side of the organization, for example by disclosing the false statement to stakeholders thus blinding them of the real situation (Folger, 2011). The Enron leaders used different methods to conceal the truth about its debts and faked the profits. They made the business look attractive and therefore more investors invested in the business. At the end, the ethics rules were violated and the leaders had a role to play .Enron had a role to disclose the truth which could have rescued the company (Bauer, 2009). If at the beginning, the company revealed the truth it would not have ended bankrupt and the employees would have secured their jobs. Finally, the company had a duty to disclose the true financial statements and also save the company from falling and the scandals would have been avoided. The companies should put into practice the ethics governing the corporates. Therefore, to pre vent any future happenings such as the past frauds in the company, there has been an enhanced regulation as well as oversight in the company (Folger, 2011). References Bauer, A. (2009). The Enron scandal and the Sarbanes-Oxley-Act. München: GRIN Verlag. Brady, F. N., & Dunn, C. P. (1995). Business meta-ethics: An analysis of two theories. Business Ethics Quarterly, 385-398. Folger, J. (2011). The Enron collapse: A look back. Investopedia, December 1. Retrieved October 25, 2014, at http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/the-enron-collapse-a-look-back.aspx Sterling, T. F. (2002). The Enron scandal. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Source document

The Great Gatsby: What Makes Daisy So Attractive?

â€Å"Her voice is full of money† (Fitzgerald, 120). This quote, said by important personality Gatsby, explains Daisy’s character and demeanor. Daisy Buchannan is one of the main characters in the novel The Great Gatsby. The wife of Tom Buchannan and the dream of Jay Gatsby, Daisy embodies the immoral and shallow values of the upper class East Egg. Although she is not very sincere, to most Daisy is attractive, beautiful, and sexy. What makes Daisy so inviting? She makes a man improve for her in order to get what they want, she has standards and she wants the best, and only the best. Since the beginning, Jay Gatsby has been madly in love with Daisy, or the thought of Daisy. Gatsby only knew Daisy for one month before he was deployed to war. Is one month enough to fall in love with someone? Five years later, Gatsby still believed that he was in love, and he conceived a new persona to make Daisy come back to him after she married Tom. â€Å"You're acting like a little boy†¦. † (Fitzgerald, 88). This was a quote that the narrator, Nick Caraway, said to Gatsby about how he was acting around Daisy. Jay Gatsby knew to get Daisy back he would need to become the absolute best, the richest, the most handsome, and the most charming. It might have been the challenge of being superior to the rest that was so appealing to Gatsby or it could have been Daisy’s dead-as-a-doorknob personality. The real question is, Is Daisy worth it? What makes Daisy so appealing to smart men such as Gatsby? Is it the challenge of becoming the best, or is it something else? Jay Gatsby wasn’t the only one who thought Daisy was worth more than perceived. Her husband, Tom Buchannan also believed that Daisy was a prize. To Tom, it seemed, that Daisy was a trophy wife, someone he could show off, not care about, come back, and she would still be there. What brought them together was money, the thing that they both loved and had in common. Nick summed up her love for money well, â€Å"She wanted her life shaped now, immediately—and the decision must be made by some force, of money†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald, 151). Daisy didn’t care about who she loved more when she had to pick Tom or Gatsby; she cared about the money while she was making one of the biggest decisions of her life. To Tom, Daisy was a beautiful woman who he would love to have for his wife. Tom and Daisy were alike in that way, neither of them cared about personality or values; they cared about their reputation. It wasn’t Daisy’s disposition that made Tom marry her; it was her looks and reputation that he found attractive. Daisy Buchannan wasn’t one of the brightest aristocrats in East Egg to say the least. Her ditzy nature might have been cute to some, but it was obvious that it was more than just a darling quality. Daisy had no common sense, if a man was looking for just looks (like Tom), Daisy was the girl to go to. Her comment to Gatsby, â€Å"I’d like to just get one of those pick clouds and put you in it and push you around† (Fitzgerald, 94) made readers re-think why Jay Gatsby would be so far in love with her. â€Å"She never loved you, do you hear? She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. † (Fitzgerald, 130). There must have been something special about Daisy for Tom Buchannan and Jay Gatsby to have such strong feelings for her. Whether it was her looks, her dimwits, or her money she had what other women would die for, two of the richest and most known men in East Egg fighting over her. What makes Daisy Buchannan so attractive? To some, it’s her looks, the thought of what she might be like, to others it’s her money or her innocent ditz, and certain people might even find her repulsive. The readers of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby will take strong stands on Daisy and her character.

The role of tradition in shaping the personality essay

The role of tradition in shaping the personality essay The role of tradition in shaping the personality essay The role of tradition in shaping the personality essayMany adults become upset when young people break with traditions of the past. Do you think that these adults are justified in reacting this way? Why or why not? Support your position with evidence from your own experience or the experiences of people you know.It is common knowledge that each nation, each ethnic group, and each family has its own traditions and customs. Obviously, traditions and customs are important as they unite generations through time. What is more, they unite people who are far away from each other, but share the same values and the same memory. Today, however, it is rather difficult to make youth keep to the traditions of their ancestors. The rest of the society may really worry because their spiritual heritage is nevermore valued and passed to the next generations. Certain rituals and ceremonies, memorial dates and events are of great importance for them, and they wish their children as well as grandchildren respect those traditions.Those who pay great attention to traditions are right because it is their history, and knowing and respecting history is a precondition for better future. Still, young people can be justified as well. On the one hand, it is not difficult to congratulate the nearest and dearest by means of a greeting card or to visit your parents on holidays. On the other hand, in today fast-moving world there is often no time left for sentiments. Business and other activities rapidly devour young people, and while growing, young people work out their own prerogatives, which often come into the conflict with those of adults.For example, there is a well-known tradition to celebrate a wedding in a certain way, according to your culture. Today, more and more people prefer to break this tradition for a number of reasons. Some of them prefer civil marriage and never marry at all. For them, the traditions of the past are just a prejudice. Nevertheless, it is necessary to admit tha t traditions are significant in building up your identity wherever you are.

How The Notebook Author Found Writing Success

How The Notebook Author Found Writing Success Nicholas Sparks is a bestselling author, screenwriter and producer. His fans have come to love his clean and sentimental romance novels and films such as, The Notebook. The stories often have Christian themes and sad twists, and he has had five New York Times bestsellers. Early Life Nicholas Sparks was born December 31, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. His family moved around a lot while his father pursued graduate degrees. Sparks had lived in Minnesota, Nebraska and California. He has a sister, who died in 2000, and a brother. He was raised Roman Catholic and continues to practice that faith. Sparks excelled at running  and went to the University of Notre Dame on a track and field scholarship. He was a business major, and after an Achilles tendon injury, he spent the summer writing an unpublished novel. Family and Personal Life Sparks met his wife, Cathy Cote, on spring break in 1988, the year he graduated from Notre Dame with honors. They married in 1989 and moved to New Bern, North Carolina. They have five children: three boys and twin girls. The couple divorced in 2015. Writing Sparks wrote two novels that were never published. He worked in the orthopedic goods industry to make a living. His first published work was, Wokini: A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding, written with Olympic medalist Billy Mills. Sparks third novel, The Notebook, was picked up by a literary agent and published in 1996. It enjoyed tremendous success and garnered a million dollar movie rights contract. But Sparks did not quit his day job just yet, he continued to sell pharmaceuticals and was transferred to Greenville, South Carolina. There, he wrote, Message in a Bottle, for which he sold the movie rights before it was published. Sparks continued to publish book after book, and he remains active as a writer. His novels often debut as bestsellers. They are noted for being stories with traditional values and lack of profanity, even as they are romances, and the characters face personal crises, often without a happy ending. See a list of Nicholas Sparks books. Nicholas Sparks Movies Most of  Nicholas Sparks books have been made into movies  or have been optioned to be made into movies. The first one released was, Message in a Bottle, in 1999, which earned the number one box office slot. The Notebook, in 2004 is well-remembered by Ryan Gosling fans. He has served as producer on several, including, Safe Haven, Deliverance Creek, The Best of Me, The Longest Ride and The Choice. Nicholas Sparks Trivia Nicholas Sparks donated a track to New Bern High School, where he was a volunteer coach.He supports the Notre Dame Creative Writing Program with an annual scholarship, internships and a fellowship.He has donated millions of dollars to build Christian International School.Sparks is a black belt in Tae Kwon DoSparks was named, Sexiest Author, by People Magazine.His family has endured several tragedies. His mother died following a horseback riding accident, and his father died in an automobile accident. His sister died young of cancer.

Camera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Camera - Essay Example Until the execution the power is in the hands of the state, but later, the forces which control the action and the reaction are out of control, more in the hands of the public, the media, and the system. The impact which a picture has on the audience and that which a government has on the masses are greatly subject to individual response and collective reaction. "Like the state, the camera is never neutral. The representations it produces are highly coded and the power it yields is never its own" ("The Burden of Representation: Essays of Photographies and Histories" (John Tagg 2006). The production of the picture taken by the camera is always subject to the point of the view of the photographer. The camera is more powerful than the cameraman. The biases, opinions of the photographer are captured with more depth and detail through the lens of the camera. The picture contains in it messages which are very subjective. The impact is unforeseen. The range with which a camera covers is wider than the vision of the photographer. Many times the impact is more than the expectation. What the eyes see is the expression of influences: perceptual, experiential, and epistemological (John Tagg 2006). The vulnerability and the rawness of the picture are beautifully explained in the book "Raw Histories" by Elizabeth Edwards where she passionately reveals the power which a picture has to shape the history of a government, system or the state. The dynamic role of camera to project different perspective is where the camera's view intersects with the state's vision. Anthropological photographs as 'history' can offer insights into the role of governance, as well as articulate history of past actions. The rawness of interpretation and the ambiguity of perception with which a photograph is loaded add complexity to it as a form of art. It exposes the vulnerability in all of us in framing, containing and releasing their research potential. (Berg Publishers: Raw Histories. 2002). In the field of history of photography and critical theory John Tagg's work is remarkable. His work "The Burden of Representation: Essays of Photographies and Histories" "( John Tagg. 2006). focuses on the importance of a photographic image in the form of archive and display in the museum. His collection of essays concentrates on the history of photography and analysis of its impact on the audience. He cross examines the intersection of power and photographic image. Image can trigger lasting impact on the state as well as the world scene. Camera as an impartial recorder of facts plays an important role in documentation, documentary and governance. His essay powerfully brings out the critical role of camera in projecting an image of the state, for the people of the state. It establishes direct connection between the ruler and the ruled, which crosses over with time with the change of events. Allan Sekula is a photographer, filmmaker, writer and critic In his essay "The Body and the Archive," Alan Sekula examines that the archive is rooted in the culture of this century. The operation of the archive became a device for regulatory control. It led to class and classification, as the basis for photographic interpretation. The apparatus of the camera played a key role in